THE LEGEND OF FLAME FIRE & MUD VOLCANO
Azerbaijan's nickname, the "Land of Fire," goes beyond mere marketing; it's evident in two remarkable locations. As one of the original homelands of the ancient Zoroastrian religion, fire symbolizes the divine. Miraculously, this country is home to natural fires that erupt spontaneously from the ground, still burning today, as seen at Yanar Dag (or "Burning Mountain"). Although not a true mountain, this windswept hillside, located 25 kilometers northeast of Baku, has been ablaze for as long as anyone can recall, showing no signs of extinguishing anytime soon.
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Overview
It’s an unusual curiosity, but by no means the only fire phenomenon in Azerbaijan. At a whim of nature, the land of this Caucasian country located on the picturesque coast of the Caspian Sea, is replete with underground sources of oil and gas that long for blowing out. Natural gas in the Azerbaijan bowels is so much that it comes to the surface over and over again. In some places, a match dropped accidentally or deliberately, a torch, or any spark can ignite the gas, which will keep on burning until it fully exhausts. In times of old, Azerbaijan was a country of fire-worshipers, followers of the Zoroastrian cult. People believed that fire sources were the manifestation of divine power, they worshiped them, building altars and temples. One of the most famous and popular tourist places of the “eternal flame” in Azerbaijan is the mountain of Yanar Dag.
MUD VOLCANOES: There are approximately 850 mud volcanoes worldwide, with over 300 located in Azerbaijan, primarily on the Absheron Peninsula near Baku. These mud volcanoes vary in shape and size, with the most common featuring several small cones or vents, creating a stunning visual spectacle. Azerbaijan’s mud volcanoes are particularly diverse, including massive formations like Toragay and Great Kanizdag in Gobustan, and Otmanbozdag and Bozdag-Guzdek on Absheron, reaching heights of 400 meters. Volcanic activity is also present on islands within the Baku archipelago, with eight volcanic islands, such as Khara-Zira, Zenbil, and Garasu. Notably, Goturdag is the only continuously erupting volcano in the world, where specialists have observed mud oozing for many years. Along the Caspian coast, you'll find additional volcanoes like Bandovan, Hamamdag, and Bahar.
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